11.2.1 European Patent Organisation The European Patent Organisation, instituted by the EPC, has two organs: the EPO and the Administrative Council.7 Executive powers are assigned to the EPO and its president, and supervisory powers are assigned to the Administrative Council.8 The Administrative Council consists of representatives of the Contracting States to the EPC.9 The Boards of Appeal, although not a separate organ of the European Patent Organisation but structurally a part of the EPO,10 are assigned the role of an independent judiciary in this patent system.11 They provide an independent review of decisions taken by the EPO’s Receiving Section, Examining Divisions, Opposition Divisions and the Legal Division.12 EPC, art. 4(2).EPC, arts 4(3), 10.EPC, art. 26(1).EPC, art. 15.See e.g. German Federal Constitutional Court, consolidated cases BvR 2480/10, 2 BvR 421/13, 2 BvR 786/15, 2 BvR 756/16 and 2 BvR 561/18, 8 November 2022; High Court of Justice in the United Kingdom (Patents Court) in Lenzing [1997] R.P.C. 245, 22 May 1997; European Commission of Human Rights, Lenzing AG v. U.K. 9 September 1998 (in relation to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights); see also the decisions of the Enlarged Board of Appeal and the Technical Boards summarized in Legal Research Service of the Boards of Appeal, Case Law of the Boards of Appeal, ch. VII sub-s. 1.2. “Boards of appeal as judicial authorities” (10th ed. 2022), http://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/caselaw/2022/e/clr_vii_1_2.htmEPC, art. 106(1) first sentence.